Top 50+ Plant Kingdom - Biology Questions and Answers For NEET 2024 Exam Preparation

Q1. Which one of the following statements is wrong?

1. Mannitol is stored food in Rhodophyceae.
2. Chlorella and Spirulina are used as space food.
3. Algin and carrageenan are products of algae.
4. Agar-agar is obtained from Gelidium and Gracilaria.

Answer: (a)

Laminarin and mannitol are food reserves of brown algae or Phaeophyceae. Rhodophycean algae store food in the form of floridean starch.

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Q2. Which one of the following statements is wrong?

1. Agar–agar is obtained from Gelidum and Gmeilaria.
2. Algin and carrageen are products of algae.
3. Chlorella and Spirulina are used as space food Mannitol and is stored food in Rhodophyceae.
4. Mannitol is the stored food in Rhodophyceae

Answer: (d)

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Q3. Examine the figure given below and select the correct option giving all the four parts (A, B, C and D) rightly identified.

1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (c)
4. (d)

Answer: (a)

The given figure is of female thallus of Marchantia (bryophyte) in which A, B, C and D are archegoniophore, female thallus, gemma cup and rhizoids respectively.

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Q4. In angiosperms, a mature male gametophyte is derived from a pollen mother cell by –

1. One meiotic and two mitotic divisions
2. Three mitotic divisions
3. Two meiotic divisions
4. A single meiotic division

Answer: (a)

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Q5. The female gametophyte of gymnosperms

1. Retained within megasporangium
2. Bear two archegonia
3. Is unicellular
4. Both (a) and (b)

Answer: (d)

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Q6. Strobili cones are found in

1. Pteris
2. Salvinia
3. Marchantia
4. Equisetum.

Answer: (d)

The sporophytes of pteridophytes bear sporangia that are subtended by leaf-like appendages called sporophylls. In some cases sporophylls may form distinct compact structures called strobili or cones, e.g., Selaginella, Equisetum.

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Q7. Algae showing haplodiplontic life cycle are

1. Ectocarpus and polysiphonia
2. Spirulina and spirogyra
3. Kelps
4. Both (b) and (c)

Answer: (d)

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Q8. In Chlorophyceae, sexual reproduction occurs by

1. isogamy, anisogamy and oogamy
2. oogamy only
3. isogamy and anisogamy
4. anisogamy and oogamy

Answer: (a)

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Q9. Synergids and antipodals

1. Are diploid
2. Develop into new plants
3. Degenerate after fertilization
4. Are produced in male gametophyte

Answer: (c)

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Q10. Match Column -I with Column -II.

1. A-4; B-5; C-1; D-2, E-3
2. A-5; B-4; C-1; D-2; E-3
3. A-4; B-1; C-5; D-2, E-3
4. A-4; B-1; C-5; D-3, E-2

Answer: (a)

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Q11. Which one of the following statements about Cycas is incorrect?

1. Its xylem is mainly composed of xylem vessel.
2. It has circinate vernation.
3. Its roots contain some blue-green algae.
4. It does not have a well organized female flower.

Answer: (a)

Cycas belongs to Order Cycadales of gymnosperms. Its leaves show circinate vernation i.e. the leaves are coiled in young stage. The coralloid roots in Cycas arise from the lateral branches of the normal roots and contain blue-green algae like Nostoc and Anabaena. A well developed flower like that of angiosperms is absent in Cycas.

It has compact cones containing microsporophylls and megasporophylls. The megaspores are loosely arranged on the megasporophyll. The male cone is a compac structure. Vessels in xylem are absent and it contains only tracheids for conduction of water.

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Q12. Fruits are not formed in gymnosperms because of

1. absence of seed.
2. absence of pollination.
3. absence of fertilization.
4. absence of ovary.

Answer: (d)

The ovules are not enclosed inside the ovary. Instead they are borne naked on the leafy sporophylls, and hence the name gymnosperms (gymnos- naked sperma- seed) is given Double fertilization is absent in gymnosperms.

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Q13. Which one of the following is considered important in the development of seed habit?

1. Haplontic life cycle
2. Heterospory
3. Free-living gametophyte
4. Dependent sporophyte

Answer: (b)

The differentiation of spores into microspores and megaspores and their dependence on the parent sporophyte for the nutrition, are certain features in the life cycle of Selaginella, which have been considered as the essential pre-requisites for the formation of seeds, characteristic of spermatophytes.

It is generally agreed, that the seed plants arose from the heterosporous vascular plants that instead of discharging the megaspore acquired the habit of retaining it within the megasporangium.

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Q14. Sperms of both Funaria and Pteris were released together near the archegonia of Pteris. Only its sperms enter the archegonia as

1. Funaria sperms get killed by Pteris sperms
2. Pteris archegonia repel Funaria sperms
3. Funaria sperms are less mobile
4. Pteris archegonia release chemical to attract its sperms.

Answer: (d)

Sperms of both Funaria and Pteris were released together near the archegonia. But only the sperms of Pteris enter the archegonia, as Pteris archegonia releases a chemical malic acid to attract its sperms for fertilization.

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Q15. Cycas and Adiantum resemble each other in having

1. Motile Sperms
2. Seeds
3. Cambium
4. Vessels

Answer: (a)

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Q16. Flagellated male gametes are present in all the three of which one of the following sets

1. Fucus, Marsilea and Calotropis
2. Zygnema, Saprolegnia and Hydrilla
3. Riccia, Dryopteris and Cycas
4. Anthoceros, Funaria and Spirogyra

Answer: (c)

The male gametes of bryophytes are biflagellate, and those of pteriodophytes are multiflagellate, except Selaginella having biflagellate gametes. The male gametes of gymnosperms are non motile except those of Cycas Having multiciliate gametes.

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Q17. Carrageen is secreted by

1. Only brown algae
2. All of the algae
3. Only red algae
4. Both red and brown algae

Answer: (c)

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Q18. Phloem element of Gymnosperm lacks –

1. Companion cell
2. Sieve element
3. Parenchyma
4. Sclerenchyma

Answer: (a)

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Q19. Which one of the following pairs is wrongly matched?

1. Salvinia – Prothallus
2. Ginkgo – Archegonia
3. Viroids – RNA
4. Mustard – Synergids

Answer: (a)

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Q20. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

1. All seed–bearing plants i.e., gymnosperms and angiosperms follow diplontic life patterns of plants.
2. In angiosperms, each embryo sac has a three-celled egg apparatus – one egg cell and two synergids, three antipodal cells and two polar nuclei.
3. In gymnosperms, roots in some genera have fungal association in the form of mycorrhiza (Pinus) while in some others (Cycas) small specialized roots called coralloid are associated with $N_{2}$ – fixing cyanobacteria.
4. All of the above

Answer: (d)

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Q21. Gemmae in liverworts are formed during

1. Asexual reproduction
2. Sexual reproduction
3. Spore formation
4. Adverse conduction

Answer: (a)

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Q22. In angiosperms, a mature male gametophyte is derived from a pollen mother cell by

1. one meiotic and two mitotic divisions.
2. three mitotic divisions.
3. two meiotic divisions.
4. a single meiotic division.

Answer: (a)

In angiosperms, a mature male gametophyte is derived from a pollen mother cell by one meiotic and two mitotic divisions. In the pollen sac (microsporangium) of the anther, haploid microspores are formed by meiosis. Mitosis then follows to produce a two-celled pollen grain with a small generative cell and a large vegetative cell.

This generative cell will undergo further mitosis to form two male gametes (nuclei). The pollen tube grows through a spore in the pollen grain, with the tube (vegetative) nucleus at its tips and the male nuclei behind.

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Q23. Volvox is a

1. Filamentous algae
2. Unicellular algae
3. Colonial algae
4. Symbiotic algae

Answer: (c)

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Q24. Fronds are found in which of the following algae?

1. Laminaria
2. Fucus
3. Dictyota
4. Porphyra

1. I and II
2. I, II, and III
3. II and III
4. All of these

Answer: (d)

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Q25. The male sex organ of bryophyte is called

1. Testes
2. Antherozoids
3. Globule
4. None of these

Answer: (b)

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Q26. Which of the following statements are correct for conifers?

1. Needle like leaves to reduce surface area.
2. Thick cuticle on leaves.
3. Sunken stomata to reduce water loss.
4. The main plant body is gametophyte.

1. IV only
2. II and III
3. I only
4. II, I and III

Answer: (d)

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Q27. In Pinus/gymnosperms, the haploid structure are

1. megaspore, pollen grain and endosperm
2. megaspore, endosperm and embryo
3. megaspore, integument and root
4. pollen grain, leaf and root.

Answer: (a)

In Pinus/gymnosperms, endosperm is produced before fertilization and hence it is haploid. Megaspore and pollen grains are structures of male gametophytes and it is also haploid.

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Q28. A prothallus is

1. a sporophytic free living structure formed in Pteridophytes
2. a structure in pteridophytes formed before the thallus Develops
3. a gametophyte free living structure formed in Pteridophytes
4. a primitive structure formed after fertilisation in pteridophytes

Answer: (c)

Prothallus is usually a gametophytic phase in the life of a pteridophyte. Spore germinates to form a prothalium, it is short lived inconspicuous heart shaped structure with a number of rhizoids developed beneath and bears sex organs, archegonium and antheridium.

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Q29. What is the similarity between gymnosperms and angiosperms ?

1. Endosperm is formed before fertilization in both.
2. Origin of ovule and seed is similar in both.
3. Phloem of both have companian cells.
4. Both have leaves, stem and roots.

Answer: (d)

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Q30. Resin and turpentine are obtained from

1. Pinus
2. Cycas
3. Cedrus
4. Abies.

Answer: (a)

Resins and turpentine are obtained from Pinus which is gymnospermic plant. Cycas is an ornamental plant. Paper and Canada balsam are obtained from Abies and timber is obtained from Cedrus deodara.

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Q31. Sex organs in pteridophytes are formed on the

1. Multicellular main gametophyte phase of the plant.
2. Multicellular well-developed sporophyte.
3. Photosynthetic, free living gametophyte.
4. Parasite, gametophyte dependent on sporophyte.

Answer: (c)

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Q32. The gametophyte is not an independent, free- living generation in

1. Adiantum
2. Polytrichum
3. Marchantia
4. Pinus.

Answer: (d)

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Q33. Besides paddy fields, cyanobacteria are also found inside the vegetative part of

1. Cycas
2. Pinus
3. Equisetum
4. Psilotum

Answer: (a)

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Q34. Read the following five statements (A – E) and answer as asked next to them.

1. In Equisetum, the female gametophyte is retained on the parent sporophyte.
2. In Ginkgo, male gametophyte is not independent.
3. The sporophyte in Riccia is more developed than that in Polytrichum.
4. Sexual reproduction in Volvox is isogamous.
5. The spores of slime moulds lack cell walls.

How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Three
2. Two
3. Four
4. One

Answer: (d)

Equisetum is a pteridophyte and in pteridophytes, the main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. Gametophytes are small or inconspicuous and free living, mostly photosynthetic thalloids called prothallus.

Riccia is a liverwort and Polytrichum is a moss. The sporophyte in mosses is more elaborate than that in liverworts.
Volvox shows oogamous type of sexual reproduction, i.e., fusion between one large, non motile (static) female gamete and a smaller, motile male gamete.

During unfavourable conditions, the slime mould differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips. The spores possess true walls. They are extremely resistant and survive for many years, even under adverse conditions.

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Q35. Which one of the following option correctly represents the type of life cycle patterns?

1. Sporophyte (2n) Zygote (2n) Syngamy (n) Meiosis Gametogenesis
2. Zygote (2n) Meiosis Gametophyte (n) Gametogenesis Syngamy Spores (n)
3. Gametogenesis Syngamy Zygote (2n) Sporophyte (2n) Meiosis Spores (n) Gametophyte (n)

1. A - Haplodiplontic, B - Haplontic, C – Diplontic
2. A - Diplontic, B - Haplodiplontic, C – Haplontic
3. A - Haplontic, B - Diplontic, C – Haplodiplontic
4. A - Diplontic, B - Haplontic, C – Haplodiplontic

Answer: (d)

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Q36. Egg apparatus of angiosperms contain

1. Two synergids
2. One egg cell
3. Both (a) and (b)
4. Two antipodals

Answer: (c)

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Q37. Angiosperms have dominated the land flora primarily because of their

1. property of producing large number of seeds
2. power of adaptability in diverse habitat
3. nature of self pollination
4. domestication by man.

Answer: (b)

Angiosperms are highly evolved and well adapted land plants. They have both vessels and tracheids in xylem for better conduction of water.

Roots are modified into taproots, adventitious roots, pneumatophores, etc., to suit the desired climate. Sex organs are highly developed, sporophylls are organized into flowers and the flowers are highly coloured or modified to attract pollinators at different times and places.

Insect pollination is more prevalent because it is more efficient and leads to less wastage of pollen grains as compared to wind pollination.

So the flowers are made attractive to attract a variety of insects. Seed are more protected as they are enclosed inside a fruit. All these adaptations have made angiosperms more adaptive in diverse habitats.

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Q38. Elaters are present in capsule of

1. Marchantia
2. Riccia
3. Anthoceros
4. Funaria

Answer: (a)

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Q39. Peat which is long used as fuel is a product obtained from

1. Species of sphagnum
2. Gelidium
3. All mosses
4. All liverworts

Answer: (a)

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Q40. Which one of the following pairs is wrongly matched ?

1. Viroids – RNA
2. Mustard - Synergids
3. Salvinia – Prothallus
4. Ginkgo-Archegonia

Answer: (c)

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Q41. The common mode of sexual reproduction in Chlamydomonas is

1. anisogamous
2. isogamous
3. oogamous
4. hologamous.

Answer: (b)

In Chlamysomonas sexual reproduction takes place through isogamy, anisogamy, and oogamy. Isogamy i.e.,the fusion of similar gametes is the common mode of sexual reproduction in it. Anisogamy is fusion of morphologically similar but physiologically different cells. Oogamy is fusion of different gametes.

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Q42. Assertion: The cells of highly reduced female gametophyte (embryo sac in angiosperm) is haploid.

Reason: The embryosac is formed by meiosis.

1. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false

Answer: (b)

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Q43. How many of the following algae belong to the category of red algae?

Polysiphonia, Gelidium, Laminaria, Spirogyra, Porphyra, Fucus, Chlamydomonas

1. 3
2. 2
3. 4
4. 5

Answer: (a)

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Q44. _______ forms gametophyte of bryophytes.

1. Sporophyte
2. Zygote
3. Gametes
4. Spores

Answer: (d)

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Q45. Holdfast, stipe and frond constitutes the plant body in case of

1. Chlorophyceae
2. Rhodophyceae
3. Phaeophyceae
4. All of these

Answer: (c)

Phaeophyceae : In the members of the class-Phaeophyceae, the plant body is usually attached to the substratum by means of a holdfast and has a stalk called stipe and a leaf like photosynthetic organ called frond.

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Q46. Peat moss is used as a packing material for sending flowers and live plants to distant places because

1. it is easily available
2. it serves as a disinfectant
3. it is hygroscopic
4. it reduces transpiration.

Answer: (c)

The partially decomposed Sphagnum mass accumulates to form compressed mass called peat, which after drying is used as coal. So it is also called peat moss.

Sphagnum has the capacity to retain water for long periods and thus it is used to cover plant roots during transportation.

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Q47. Meiosis in plants can take place in

1. Only diploid species
2. Only haploid species
3. Both in haploid as well as diploid species
4. None of these

Answer: (a)

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Q48. Peat moss is used as a packing material for sending flowers and live plants to distant places because

1. it is easily available
2. it serves as a disinfectant
3. it is hygroscopic
4. it reduces transpiration.

Answer: (c)

The partially decomposed Sphagnum mass accumulates to form compressed mass called peat, which after drying is used as coal. So it is also called peat moss. Sphagnum can retain water for long periods and thus it is used to cover plant roots during transportation.

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Q49. A plant having seeds but lacking flowers and fruits belongs to

1. mosses
2. pteridophytes
3. ferns
4. gymnosperms.

Answer: (d)

A plant having seed but lacking flowers and fruit belongs to gymnosperms. Gymnosperms are vascular land plants and bears seeds which are naked i.e., ovules not enclosed in the ovary. Hence, flowers are absent.

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Q50. Protonema occurs in the life cycle of

1. Funaria
2. Riccia
3. Anthoceros
4. Spirogya.

Answer: (a)

Protonema occurs in the life cycle of Funaria. The spore is the first cell of gametophytic generation and it germinates to form a filamentous branched alga like structure called protonema. If gives rise to new plant.

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