Top 50+ Chemical Coordination and Integration - Biology Questions and Answers For NEET 2024 Exam Preparation

Q1. Choose the correct combination of labelling in the hormonal control of female reproductive system

1. A - GnRH, B - FSH/LH, C - estrogen or progesterone, D - uterus
2. A- GnRH, B - TSH, C - LH, D - uterus
3. A - GnRH, B - STH, C - LH, D - uterus
4. A - GnRH, B - ACTH, C - LH, D – uterus

Answer: (a)

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Q2. Which one of the following endocrine glands stores its secretion in the extracellular space before discharging it into the blood?

1. Thyroid
2. Testis
3. Pancreas
4. Adrenal

Answer: (a)

The thyroid gland secretes three hormones: thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine ($T_4$ ), triiodothyronine ($T_3$ ) and calcitonin. Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine are iodinated forms of the amino acid tyrosine. They are stored in the colloid that fills the follicles, and are released to the blood when needed. The storage occurs in an unusual place, the extracellular colloid.

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Q3. Secretion of estrogen is controlled by

1. FSH
2. progesterone
3. hCG
4. testosterone

Answer: (a)

Secretion of estrogen is stimulated by FSH of anterior pituitary gland.

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Q4. In the mechanism of action of a protein hormone, one of the second messengers is

1. Insulin
2. Cyclic AMP
3. $T_{3}$
4. Gastrin

Answer: (b)

Cyclic AMP is one of the second messengers involve in the action of a protein hormone.

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Q5. Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

1. Increase in antidiuretic hormone levels
2. Increase in aldosterone levels
3. Decrease in aldosterone levels
4. Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels

Answer: (b)

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Q6. Pars distalis produces how many trophic hormones?

1. 5
2. 4
3. 6
4. 8

Answer: (c)

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Q7. Which one of the following hormones though synthesised elsewhere, is stored and released by the master gland?

1. Melanocyte stimulating hormone
2. Antidiuretic hormone
3. Prolactin
4. Luteinising hormone

Answer: (b)

Two hormones viz oxytocin (OT) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are synthesised in the hypothalamus, but stored and released by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland.

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Q8. The hormone that stimulates the stomach to secrete gastric juice is

1. enterogastrone
2. enterokinase
3. gastrin
4. renin.

Answer: (c)

Gastrin hormone is secreted by mucosa of stomach and it stimulates secretion of gastric juice. Enterogastrone is secreted by duodenal epithelium. Enterokinase is an enzyme that converts trypsinogen into trypsin. Renin is secreted by kidneys. It acts on angiotensinogen to form angiotensin-II.

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Q9. In the mechanism of action of a protein hormone, one of the second messengers is

1. Insulin
2. Cyclic AMP
3. $T_3$
4. Gastrin

Answer: (b)

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Q10. The hormones that initiate ejection of milk, stimulates milk production and growth of ovarian follicles are respectively known as

1. OT, PRL and FSH
2. PRL, OT and LH
3. LH, PRL and FSH
4. PRH, OT and LH

Answer: (a)

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Q11. Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency?

1. Insulin – Diabetes insipidus
2. Luteinizing – Failure of ovulation
3. Thyroxine – Tetany
4. Parathyroid – Diabetes mellitus

Answer: (b)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation. Deficiency of insulin causes diabetes mellitus. Deficiency of ADH or vasopressin causes diabetes insipidus. Deficiency of parathormone causes tetany. Deficiency of thyroxine causes cretinism in infants and myxoedema in adult

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Q12. Which hormone is related to mineral metabolism but is not a peptide / protein in nature ?

1. ANF
2. Aldosterone
3. PTH
4. All of the above

Answer: (b)

Aldosterone is a type of mineralocorticoids secreted from adrenal cortex. It is a salt retaining hormone which is secreted in response to increased potassium levels or decreased blood flow and sodium to the kidney.

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Q13. Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency?

1. Insulin - Diabetes insipidus
2. Luteinizing - Failure of ovulation
3. Thyroxine - Tetany
4. Parathyroid - Diabetes mellitus

Answer: (b)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation. Deficiency of insulin causes diabetes mellitus. Deficiency of ADH or vasopressin causes diabetes insipidus. Deficiency of parathormone causes tetany. Deficiency of thyroxine causes cretinism in infants and myxoedema in adults.

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Q14. Tetany is caused by

1. Hypoparathyroidism
2. Hyperparathyroidism
3. Hyperthyroidism
4. Hypothyroidism

Answer: (a)

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Q15. Which of the following hormone stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones called glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

1. ACTH
2. TSH
3. LH
4. FSH

Answer: (a)

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Q16. From which part of nephron ADH stimulates reabsorption of water and electrolyte?

1. HL
2. PCT
3. Distal tubules
4. Bowman capsule

Answer: (c)

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Q17. Match the following columns and select the correct option.

1. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iv)
2. A-(iii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(ii)
3. A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(i), D-(ii)
4. A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(iii)

Answer: (b)

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Q18. In an experiment, researchers removed the ____ of young mice, and as a result, these mice were able to accept organ transplants without rejection.

1. thymus glands
2. pineal glands
3. thyroid glands
4. parathyroid glands

Answer: (a)

Thymic hormones stimulate T cell development.

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Q19. Point out the odd one:

1. Vasopressin
2. Noradrenaline
3. Corticotropin
4. Prolactin

Answer: (b)

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Q20. The hormone ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)

1. inhibits the secretion of aldosterone but stimulates ADH secretion.
2. stimulates the secretion of renin.
3. stimulates the secretion of ADH and aldosterone.
4. inhibits the secretion of ADH, aldosterone and renin.

Answer: (d)

ANP stimulates the loss of sodium in the urine and promotes diuresis.

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Q21. Which of the following sets of vertebrate hormones are all produced in the anterior pituitary gland ?

1. Prolactin, Growth hormone, Enkephalins
2. Oxytocin, Prolactin, Adrenocorticotropin
3. Somatostatin, Vasopressin, Insulin
4. Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone

Answer: (a)

All of these hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary gland.

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Q22. Calcitonin is a thyroid hormone which

1. elevates calcium level in blood
2. lowers calcium level in blood
3. has no effect on calcium
4. elevates potassium level in blood

Answer: (b)

Calciton in is a polypeptide hormone which lower calcium and phosphate level of plasma by inhibiting bone degradation and stimulating their uptake by bone parathyroid hormone elevates calcium level in blood.

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Q23. Given below is an incomplete table about certain hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each on the body in humans. Identify the correct option for the three blanks A, B and C.

1. A - Ovary; B - Glucagon; C - Growth hormone
2. A - Placenta; B - Insulin; C - Vasopressin
3. A - Placenta; B - Glucagon; C - Calcitonin
4. A - Ovary; B - Insulin; C -Calcitonin

Answer: (a)

Estrogen is secreted by ovary, alpha cells of islets of langerhans secrete glucagon and anterior pituitary secretes growth hormone. The over-secretion of growth hormone leads to gigantism.

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Q24. Which hormone interacts with membrane bound receptor and does not normally enter the target cell?

1. Estrogen
2. Thyroxine
3. FSH
4. Cortisol

Answer: (c)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) produces its effect by binding to its specific receptors present on the ovarian cell membrane.

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Q25. ANF is a peptide hormone and is secreted from

1. Kidney
2. Gastrointestinal tract
3. Post. Pituitary
4. None of these

Answer: (d)

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Q26. Feeling the tremors of an earthquake a scared resident of seventh floor of a multistoryed building starts climbing down the stairs rapidly. Which hormone initiated this action ?

1. Adrenalin
2. Thyroxin
3. Glucagon
4. Gastrin

Answer: (a)

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Q27. A common scent-producing gland among mammals is

1. prostate gland
2. anal gland
3. adrenal gland
4. Bartholin’s gland

Answer: (b)

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Q28. Following hormones are iodothyronines

1. T4
2. T3
3. TCT
4. Both (a) and (b)

Answer: (d)

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Q29. The gonadotrophic hormones are secreted by

1. interstitial cells of testes
2. adrenal cortex
3. anterior lobe of pituitary
4. posterior part of thyroid

Answer: (c)

Gonadotrophic hormones are secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland. They are as follows:

(i) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): It stimulates growth of ovarian follicles and their secretion of estrogens in the female and spermatogenesis (formation of sperms) in the male.

(ii) Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH): It activates the Leydig's (interstitial) cells of the testis to secrete androgens. In female, it stimulates the corpus luteum of the ovary to secrete progesterone. In female it is termed luteinising hormone (LH).

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Q30. Identify from the following, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in both males and females but functional only in females

1. relaxin
2. vasopressin
3. prolactin
4. somatotropic hormone

Answer: (c)

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Q31. The 24 hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body such as the sleep-wake cycle is regulated by the hormone

1. prolactin
2. calcitonin
3. adrenaline
4. melatonin.

Answer: (d)

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland and retinas of vertebrates. Melatonin secretion by the pineal gland is linked to the dark-light cycle of the organism's environment, being greatest at night and lowest by day.

The hormone is involved in regulating certain diurnal and seasonal changes in the body, such as the reproductive cycle in seasonally breeding animals. It is used as a drug to treat sleep disorders and symptoms of jet lag.

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Q32. A pregnant female delivers a baby who suffers from stunted growth, mental retardation/low intelligence quotient and abnormal skin. This is the result of :

1. Cancer of the thyroid gland
2. Low secretion of growth hormone
3. Over secretion of pars distalis
4. Deficiency of iodine in diet

Answer: (d)

Iodine is essential for the normal rate of hormone synthesis in the thyroid. Deficiency of iodine in our diet results in hypothyroidism and enlargement of the thyroid gland, commonly called goitre.

Hypothyroidism during pregnancy causes defective development and maturation of the growing baby leading to stunted growth(cretinism), mental retardation, low intelligence quotient, abnormal skin, deaf-mutism, etc.

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Q33. Which one of the following conditions is not linked to deficiency of thyroid hormones?

1. Goitre
2. Cretinism
3. Myxedema
4. Exophthalmia

Answer: (d)

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Q34. Graves' disease is caused due to

1. hypersecretion of thyroid gland
2. hyposecretion of thyroid gland
3. hyposecretion of adrenal gland
4. hypersecretion of adrenal gland.

Answer: (a)

Exophthalmic goitre or Graves' disease is a thyroid enlargement (goitre) in which the thyroid secretes excessive amount of thyroid hormone. It is characterised by exophthalmia (protrusion of eyeballs because of fluid accumulation behind them), loss of weight, slightly rise in the body temperature, excitability, rapid heartbeat, nervousness and restlessness.

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Q35. Match the endocrine gland as a source with its respective hormone as well as the function.

Answer: (c)

Thyroid secretes thyroxine hormone and plays an important role in the body's metabolisms and calcium balance. Oxytocin is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland. It causes contraction of the smooth muscles of the uterus and myoepithelial cells lining the duct of the mammary gland.

Hence it is also called as birth hormone and milk ejection hormone. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone hormone which supports pregnancy.

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Q36. Identify the correct statement on 'inhibin':

1. Is produced by granulose cells in ovary and inhibits the secretion of FSH
2. Inhibits the secretion of LH, FSH and Prolactin
3. Is produced by granulose cells in ovary and inhibits the secretion of LH
4. Is produced by nurse cells in testes and inhibits the secretion of LH

Answer: (d)

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Q37. Glycogen is converted to glucose by

1. Glucagon
2. Insulin
3. Galactose
4. Both glucagons and insulin

Answer: (a)

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Q38. Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)

1. Cortisol, testosterone
2. Somatostain, oxytocin
3. Insulin, glucagon
4. Thyroxin, insulin

Answer: (a)

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Q39. Cortisol is secreted from

1. Thyroid
2. Pancreas
3. Adrenal
4. Thymus

Answer: (c)

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Q40. Assertion: Secretin act on endocrine part of pancreas.

Reason: Secretin stimulates secretion of insulin.

1. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.

Answer: (d)

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Q41. Thymosin is responsible for

1. raising the blood calcium level
2. raising the blood sugar level
3. differentiation of T-lymphocytes
4. decrease in blood RBCs

Answer: (c)

Thymosins play a major role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes, which provide cell mediated immunity. It also promotes antibody production to provide humoral immunity. It hastens the process attainment of sexual maturity.

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Q42. Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched ?

1. Somatostatin - Delta cells (source)
2. Glucagon - Beta cells (source)
3. Corpus luteum - Relaxin (secretion)
4. Insulin - Diabetes mellitus (disease)

Answer: (b)

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Q43. Which of the following disorders are caused by hypersecretion of their concerned hormones ?

1. tetany and myxoedema
2. diabetes mellitus and goitre
3. gigantism and exophthalmic goitre
4. rickets and diabetes insipidus

Answer: (c)

Gigantism and exophthalmic goitre are the disorders which occurs due to hypersecretion of growth hormone (secreted from anterior pituitary gland) and thyroxine (secreted from the thyroid gland) respectively.

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Q44. Which gland plays major role in the differentiation of T-lymphocyte?

1. Thymus
2. Thyroid
3. Adrenal
4. Gonads

Answer: (a)

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Q45. Which of the following hormones do not act by a second messenger system?

1. Epinephrine
2. GH
3. ICSH
4. Oestrogen

Answer: (d)

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Q46. Assertion: Over secretion of GH leads to gigantism.

Reason: It leads to abnormal growing body.

1. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.

Answer: (b)

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Q47. A decrease in the level of estrogen and progesterone causes

1. growth of endometrium.
2. constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to sloughing of endometrium or uterine epithelium.
3. growth and dilation of myometrium.
4. release of ovum from the ovary.

Answer: (b)

Estrogen and progesterone hormones help to maintain pregnancy. A decrease level of both the hormones causes constriction of uterine blood vessels leading sloughing of endometrium or uterine epithelium in the menstrual period.

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Q48. Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency?

1. Insulin - Diabetes insipidus
2. Thyroxine - Tetany
3. Luteinising - Failure of ovulation hormone
4. Parathyroid - Diabetes mellitus hormone

Answer: (c)

Ovulation occurs under the influence of LH (luteinising hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) of anterior pituitary gland. Thus, deficiency of luteinizing hormone results in failure of ovulation.

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Q49. The full form of PTH is

1. Prethyroid hormone
2. Parathyroid hormone
3. Prothyroid hormone
4. Pretectile hormone

Answer: (b)

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Q50.

1. Anabolic effect on protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
2. Influences male sexual behaviour (libido).
3. Stimulates spermatogenesis.
4. Muscular growth, aggressiveness, low pitch voice.

Above are the functions of which of the following hormones?

1. Progesterone
2. Oestrogens
3. Testosterone
4. Relaxin

Answer: (c)

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