Top 50+ Anatomy Of Flowering Plants - Biology Questions and Answers For NEET 2024 Exam Preparation

Q1. The common bottle cork is a product of

1. Phellogen
2. Dermatogen
3. Xylem
4. Vascular Cambium

Answer: (a)

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Q2. A vascular bundle in which the protoxylem is pointing to the periphery is called __________.

1. exarch
2. endarch
3. radial
4. closed

Answer: (a)

In roots, the protoxylem lies towards periphery and metaxylem lies towards the centre. Such arrangement of primary xylem is called exarch.

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Q3. Meristematic tissue responsible for increase in girth of tree trunk is

1. Intercalary meristem
2. Apical meristem
3. Lateral meristem
4. Phellogen

Answer: (c)

Lateral meristems are meristems which occur parallel to the circumference of the organs in which they develop. They undergo periclinal divisions producing secondary tissues on the outer and inner sides and increase girth of the plant organs. Examples are vascular cambium and cork-cambium.

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Q4. Which of the following is seen in a monocot root?

1. Vascular cambium
2. Large pith
3. Endarch xylem
4. Medullary ray

Answer: (b)

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Q5. Gymnosperms are also called soft wood spermatophytes because they lack

1. Cambium
2. Thick-walled tracheids
3. Xylem fibres
4. Phloem fibres

Answer: (c)

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Q6. Tunica corpus theory is connected with

1. shoot apex
2. root apex
3. root cap
4. secondary growth.

Answer: (a)

The tunica corpus concept was given by Schmidt (1924) which was based on plane of divisions of cells. According to this concept there are two portions in shoot apex-tunica and corpus. The tunica shows only anticlinical divisions and thus it is responsible for surface growth. The corpus shows divisions in all plane and thus responsible for volume growth.

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Q7. Bamboo, grass and mint stem elongate by the activity of –

1. Secondary meristem
2. Primary meristem
3. Intercalary meristem
4. Apical meristem

Answer: (c)

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Q8. Choose incorrect statement from the given below

1. In dicot stem, the innermost layer of cortex is endodermis.
2. Endodermis with casparian strips is found in dicot stem.
3. In dicot stem, the cells of endodermis are rich in starch grain.

1. I & III
2. I & II
3. II & III
4. Only II

Answer: (c)

Endodermis with casparian strips is found in dicot stem.

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Q9. Anatomically fairly old dicotyledonous root is distinguished from the dicotyledonous stem by

1. position of protoxylem
2. absence of secondary phloem
3. presence of cortex
4. absence of secondary xylem.

Answer: (a)

In dicot root the protoxylem is located near the periphery of the vascular cylinder, the metaxylem farther inward. In roots xylem is exarch or centripetal. In dicot stem the protoxylem is located near the centre of vascular bundle and metaxylem is located near the periphery i.e., the xylem is endarch or centrifugal.

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Q10. A collateral vascular bundle is characterised by

1. longitudinal splitting of vascular bundle
2. phloem being sandwiched between xylem
3. transverse splitting of vascular bundle
4. xylem being sandwiched between phloem.

Answer: (d)

A bicollateral vascular bundles is characterised by xylem being sandwiched between phloem. Here there are two cambuim rings e.g., Cucurbita.

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Q11. Cork is formed from

1. vascular cambium
2. phellogen
3. phloem
4. xylem

Answer: (b)

In hypodermis or outer cortical cells, a layer becomes meristematic which is known as cork cambium or phellogen. Phellogen cuts off cells on both sides. The cells cut off on outer side are phellem or cork cells and cells cut off on inner side are phelloderm or secondary cortex.

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Q12. The chief water conducting elements of xylem in gymnosperms are

1. transfusion tissue
2. vessels
3. fibres
4. tracheids.

Answer: (d)

The chief water conducting elements of xylem in gymnosperms are tracheids. These are elongated cells with tapering ends and are dead because of deposition of lignin. These show scalariform, annular, reticulate or bordered pitted thickening.

These are the only water conducting xylem elements in both gymnosperms and pteridophytes. Generally vessels are absent in gymnosperms with exceptions like Gnetum, Welwitschia, Ephedra.

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Q13. Vessels are found in

1. all angiosperms and few gymnosperms and some pteridophytes
2. all angiosperms and some gymnosperms
3. most of angiosperms and few gymnosperms
4. all pteridophytes

Answer: (c)

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Q14. The correct situation of mesophyll in isobilateral grass leaf is shown by

1. Palisade towards abaxial surface
2. Palisade towards adaxial surface
3. Undifferentiated mesophyll
4. Palisade along both the surface

Answer: (c)

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Q15. A major characteristic of the monocot root is the presence of:

1. Vasculature without cambium
2. Scattered vascular bundles
3. Cambium sandwiched between phloem and xylem along the radius
4. Open vascular bundles

Answer: (a)

Monocot root shows radial and closed vascular bundle (xylem & phloem).

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Q16. Monocotyledon root is differ from dicotyledon root in –

1. acattered vascular bundle
2. large pith
3. open vascular bundle
4. radial vascular bundle

Answer: (b)

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Q17. Assertion: Heartwood is more durable than the sapwood.

Reason: Heartwood contains organic compound like tannins, resins, oil, gumsaromatic substances and essential oils make it hard and more durable.

1. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.

Answer: (b)

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Q18. Tracheids differ from other tracheary elements in:

1. being imperforate
2. having Casparian strips
3. lacking nucleus
4. being lignified

Answer: (a)

The walls of vessels (tracheary elements) are lignified and less thicker than tracheids. The lumen is wider. Vessels differ from tracheids in having cell fusions arising through the dissolution of end walls.

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Q19. Xylem, which is functional in a dicot tree is

1. Sap wood
2. Spring wood
3. Autumn wood
4. Heart wood

Answer: (a)

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Q20. Meristematic tissue responsible for increase in girth of tree trunk is

1. phellogen
2. intercalary meristem
3. lateral meristem
4. apical meristem.

Answer: (c)

Lateral meristems are the meristems which are present along the lateral sides of stem and roots. They divide only in radial direction.

Intrastelar or vascular cambium ring formed by intra-fascicular (also called fascicular) and inter-fascicular cambium; and cork cambium (phellogen) are examples of this type of meristem. These meristems are responsible for increase in girth of stem and roots.

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Q21. In which of the following pairs of parts of a flowering plant is epidermis absent?

1. Shoot bud and floral bud
2. Root tip and shoot tip
3. Ovule and seed
4. Petiole and pedicel

Answer: (b)

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Q22. The balloon-shaped structures called tyloses

1. Arte extensions of xylem parenchyma cells into vessels
2. Characterize the sapwood
3. Are linked to the ascent of sap through xylem vessels
4. Originate in the lumen of vessels

Answer: (a)

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Q23. Epidermis consists of ___________ and is __________ (layered)

1. Collenchymatous, single layered
2. Sclerenchyma, multilayered
3. Parenchyma, multilayered
4. Parenchyma, single-layered

Answer: (d)

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Q24. A common structural feature of vessel elements and sieve tube elements are

1. presence of p-protein.
2. pores on lateral walls.
3. enucleate condition.
4. thick secondary walls.

Answer: (c)

In plant conducting tissue xylem has an important integral cell as xylem vessel which is without nucleus. The phloem on other hand has a row of sieve tubes which are also without nucleus at maturity.

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Q25. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about dorsiventral (dicotyledonous) leaf ?

1. The adaxial (upper surface) bears more stomata than the abaxial (lower surface) epidermis.
2. Mesophyll, which possesses chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis, is made up of parenchyma.
3. Mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.

1. Only (ii)
2. Both (i) and (iii)
3. Only (iii)
4. All of these

Answer: (a)

The abaxial epidermis bears more stomata than the adaxial epidermis. Mesophyll has two types of cells the palisade parenchyma and the spongy parenchyma.

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Q26. Stomatal apparatus consists of

1. Guard cells
2. Subsidiary cells
3. Stomatal aperture
4. All of these

Answer: (d)

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Q27. Angular collenchyma occurs in

1. Althaea
2. Cucurbita
3. Tagetes
4. Salvia

Answer: (c)

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Q28. Phellogen and phellem respectively denote

1. cork cambium and cork,
2. cork and cork cambium,
3. secondary cortex and cork,
4. cork and secondary cortex,

Answer: (a)

Phellogen and phellem are respectively called as cork cambium and cork. Phellogen is defined as the meristematic cell layer responsible for the development of the periderm.

Cells that grow inwards from the phellogen are termed phelloderm, and cells that develop outwards are termed phellem or cork.

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Q29. Sclereids are present in the pulp of

1. Pear
2. Guava
3. Sapodilla
4. All of these

Answer: (d)

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Q30. Collenchyma occurs in the stem and petioles of

1. dicot herbs
2. xerophytes
3. monocots
4. hydrophytes.

Answer: (a)

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Q31. In a dorsiventral leaf, the location of palisade tissue and phloem are known as

1. Adaxial and abaxial
2. Abaxial and abaxial
3. Adaxial and adaxial
4. Abaxial and adaxial

Answer: (a)

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Q32. In root, the xylem is

1. Exarch
2. Mesarch
3. Placed at different places in different plants
4. Endarch

Answer: (a)

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Q33. Casparian strips occur in

1. cortex
2. epidermis
3. pericycle
4. endodermis.

Answer: (d)

Casparian strip is a band of thickening present on the radial and tangential walls of the endodermis. It is made up of both suberin and lignin.

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Q34. A plant bears fruit, has a column of vascular tissue and a tap root system. This plant is a

1. angiosperm and monocot
2. angiosperm and dicot
3. gymnosperm and dicot
4. gymnosperm and monocot.

Answer: (b)

In angiosperms, seeds are produced inside the ripened ovary called fruit. However in gymnosperms the seeds are not produced inside a fruit. In angiosperms vascular tissue includes both tracheids and vessels and in gymnosperms the vascular tissue contains only tracheids and not vessels.

Tap root is the primary root that develops from the radicle. It forms lateral branches which are further branched to form tertiary roots. These are generally found in dicotyledons. In monocotyledons, primary root is short lived, tap root is absent and adventitious roots are found.

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Q35. Meristematic tissue responsible for increase in girth of tree trunk is

1. Intercalary meristem
2. Apical meristem
3. Lateral meristem
4. Phellogen

Answer: (c)

Lateral meristems are meristems which occur parallel to the circumference of the organs in which they develop. They undergo periclinal divisions producing secondary tissues on the outer and inner sides and increase the girth of the plant organs. Examples are vascular cambium and cork-cambium.

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Q36. Numerous vascular bundles are scattered in the ground tissue of –

1. dicot stem
2. monocot stem
3. monocot root
4. dicot root

Answer: (b)

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Q37. Some vascular bundles are described as open because these

1. Are capable of producing secondary xylem and phloem.
2. Are surrounded by pericycle but no endodermis.
3. Possess conjunctive tissue between xylem and phloem.
4. Are not surrounded by pericycle.

Answer: (a)

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Q38. Match the following and choose the correct option from below.

Options:

1. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)
2. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)
3. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)
4. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iv)

Answer: (b)

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Q39. Transport of food material in higher plants takes place through

1. tracheids
2. companion cells
3. transfusion tissue
4. sieve elements.

Answer: (d)

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Q40. Sieve tubes are suited for translocation of food because they possess

1. broader lumen and perforated cross walls
2. bordered pits
3. no ends walls
4. no protoplasm.

Answer: (a)

Sieve tubes are suited for translocation of food because they possess broader lumen and perforated cross walls. Sieve tubes are elongated tubular conducting channels of phloem. The end wall possess many small pores and have thin cellulosic wall.

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Q41. Bast fibres are made up of _____________cells.

1. chlorenchymatous
2. sclerenchymatous
3. parenchymatous
4. aerenchymatous

Answer: (b)

Bast fibres (phloem fibres) are sclerenchymatous dead cells that provide mechanical strength. They have thick wall with simple pits.

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Q42. Thin-walled chloroplast containing mesophyll cells are present in

1. Stem
2. Root
3. Leaf
4. All of these

Answer: (c)

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Q43. Conjoint type of vascular bundle are present in

1. Stem, leaves
2. Root, stem
3. Root, leaves
4. Root only

Answer: (a)

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Q44. Which of the following are present in monocot root ?

1. exodermis, endarch, tetrarch closed vascular bundles.
2. conjoint, collateral, open polyarch vascular bundle.
3. suberized exodermis, casparian strip, passage cells, cambium.
4. suberized exodermis, polyarch xylem, pith.

Answer: (d)

The internal structure of a typical monocotyledon root is similar to dicotyledon root. Number of xylem bundles are more than six (polyarch) in monocotyledon root (exceptionally the number of xylem bundles are two to six in onion).

Pith is well developed in monocotyledon root. Monocot roots do not undergo secondary growth.

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Q45. In the dicot root the vascular cambium originates from

1. parenchyma between endodermis and pericycle
2. tissue located below the phloem bundles and a portion of pericycle tissue above protoxylem
3. cortical region
4. intrafascicular and interfascicular tissue in a ring.

Answer: (b)

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Q46. The vascular bundles in the stem of monocots are typically

1. Bicollateral
2. Collateral
3. Concentric
4. Radial

Answer: (b)

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Q47. Water containing cavities in vascular bundles are found in

1. Cycas
2. sunflower
3. maize
4. Pinus.

Answer: (c)

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Q48. Chlorenchyma is known to develop in the

1. mycelium of a green mould such as Aspergillus
2. pollen tube of Pinus
3. cytoplasm of Chlorella
4. spore capsule of a moss

Answer: (d)

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Q49. The cork cambium, cork and secondary cortex are collectively called

1. periderm
2. phelloderm
3. phellogen
4. phellem.

Answer: (a)

In hypodermis or outer cortical cells, a layer becomes meristematic which is known as cork cambium or phellogen. This phellogen also cuts off cells both on its outer side and inner side.

The cells cut off on outer side are phellem or cork cells and cells cut off on inner side are phelloderm or secondary cortex. Phellem, phellogen and phelloderm collectively constitute periderm.

The function of periderm is protective (because at maturity epidermis ruptures and hence the function is performed by periderm).

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Q50. The trees growing in desert will

1. have only conjunctive tissue and phloem is formed by the activity of cambium.
2. show alternate rings of xylem and sclerenchyma.
3. show distinct annual rings.
4. not show distinct annual rings.

Answer: (d)

The trees growing in desert will not show distinct annual rings because climatic variations (autumn and spring seasons) are absent in deserts.

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