Top 25+ Reproduction in Organisms - Biology Questions and Answers For NEET 2024 Exam Preparation

Q1. Which one of the following generates new genetic combinations leading to variation?

1. Vegetative reproduction
2. Sexual reproduction
3. Parthenogenesis
4. Nucellar polyembryony

Answer: (b)

Sexual reproduction involves formation and fusion of male and female gametes. Gamete formation is accomplished through meiotic cell division which involves crossing over between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes leading to new genetic recombination in gametes.

Random fusion of these male and female gametes lead to the genetic variability in the offspring which although resemble their parents but also exhibit new traits of their own.

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Q2. Which of the following plant cells will show totipotency?

1. Xylem vessels
2. Sieve tubes
3. Meristems
4. Cork cells

Answer: (c)

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Q3. The given figures P (plant Chara) and Q (earthworm) have label A, B, C and D as their reproductive organs. Select the option which correctly identifies male reproductive organs of the two organisms. Q C D P B A

1. B and C
2. A and B
3. A and C
4. B and D

Answer: (a)

In both the figures, the structure marked as B (in figure P) and C (in figure Q) are the male reproductive organs. B and C is respectively antheridium and testes sac. An antheridium (or antheridia) is a haploid structure (or organ) producing and containing male gametes (called antherozoids or sperms).

It is present in the gametophyte phase of cryptogams like bryophytes and ferns, and also in the primitive vascular psilotophytes. Testis sac is the pouch containing the testes and their accessory organs.

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Q4. Life begins in all sexually reproducing organism from a

1. double-celled zygote
2. single-celled zygote
3. thick-walled zygote
4. All of these

Answer: (b)

During fertilisation two haploid cells, a female and a male gamete combine to form a single diploid cell (2n) called zygote, from where every sexually reproducing organism begin its life.

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Q5. The chances of survival of the young one is greater in

1. External fertilization
2. Internal fertilization
3. Oviparous animals
4. Viviparous animals

Answer: (d)

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Q6. Identify the events (A, B, D and E) in life of general production-

1. A-Gametogeneis, B-Gamete transfer, D-Zygote formation, E-Embryogenesis
2. A-Gamete transfer, B-Gametogeneis, D-Zygote formation, E-Embryogenesis
3. A-Gametogeneis, B-Zygote formation, D-Gamete transfer, E-Embryogenesis
4. A-Gametogeneis, B-Gamete transfer, D-Embryogenesis, E-Zygote formation.

Answer: (a)

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Q7. Identify A, B and C in the diagram.

1. A: Homogametes of chara
   B: Heterogametes of fucus
   C: Heterogamete of homo sapiens
2. A: Heterogametes of chlamydomonas
   B: Homogametes of fucus
   C: Hetrogametes of homo sapiens
3. A: Homogamete of cladophora (a bryophyte)
   B: Heterogamete of fucus (an alga)
   C: Heterogamete of homo sapiens
4. A: Isogametes of cladophora (an alga)
   B: Heterogametes of fucus (an alga)
   C:Heterogametes of homo sapiens

Answer: (d)

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Q8. Organisms reproducing throughout the year are called …… breeders, e.g. … and those who show recurring sexual activity are called …… breeders, e.g. … .

1. seasonal, lizard, continuous, hen
2. continuous, sparrow, seasonal, hen
3. continuous, man, seasonal, tiger
4. seasonal, hen, continuous, tiger

Answer: (c)

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Q9. Read the following statements.

1. Organisms exhibiting external fertilisation show great synchrony between the sexes and release a large number of gametes.
2. A major disadvantage of external fertilisation is that the offspring are extremely vulnerable to predators.
3. In gymnosperms, male gametes reach egg with the help of water as a medium.
4. Zygote is a vital link that ensures continuity of species between organisms of one generation and the next.
5. Every sexually reproducing organisms begin their life as a single-celled zygote.

Which of the above statements are correct?

1. I, II, III and V
2. I, II and III
3. I, II, IV and V
4. I, II, III and IV

Answer: (c)

Statements I, II, IV and V are correct. Statement III is incorrect and can be corrected as In gymnosperms, the non-motile male gametes are carried to the female gamete through pollen tube.

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Q10. Which of the following can be considered as one of the parameter of senescence or old age?

1. End of reproductive phase
2. End of juvenile or vegetative phase
3. Hormonal imbalance
4. Slowing of metabolism due to disease

Answer: (a)

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Q11. Which of the following situations correctly describe the similarity between an angiosperm egg and a human egg?

1. Eggs of both are formed once in a lifetime.
2. Both the angiosperm egg and human egg are stationary.
3. Both the angiosperm egg and human egg are motile transported.
4. Syngamy in both results in the formation of zygote.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

1. Only IV
2. II and IV
3. III and IV
4. I and IV

Answer: (a)

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Q12. Which of the following flowers only once in their lifetime?

1. Neem
2. Mango
3. Bamboo
4. All of these

Answer: (c)

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Q13. Match the name of the organism given in column I with their chromosome number in meiocytes choose the correct combination from the options given below.

Codes:

1. A – III; B – IV; C – II; D – I
2. A – II; B – III; C – IV; D – I
3. A – IV; B – III; C – I; D – II
4. A – IV; B – III; C – II; D – I

Answer: (d)

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Q14. The diagram shows

1. Heterogametes of fucus
2. Homogametes of cladophora
3. Hetrogametes of cladophora
4. Heterogametes of fungus

Answer: (a)

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Q15. The given figures show the members of fungi and simple plants such as algae which undergo asexual reproduction. Identify the correct asexual reproductive structures found in the members A, B, C and D.

1. A-Zoospore, B-Conidia, C-Bud, D-Gemmule
2. A-Zoogamete, B-Conidia, C-Bud, D-Gemmule
3. A-Zoospore, B-Conidiosporangium, C-Bud, D-Gemmule
4. A-Aplanospore, B-Conidia, C-Bud, D-Gemmule

Answer: (a)

In the given figure of Chlamydomonas (A), Penicillium (B), Hydra (C) and sponge (D), the asexual reproductive structure found in them are respectively zoospore, conidia, bud and gemmules. Zoospore is a motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion. They are produced inside the zoosporangia and generally naked (without cell wall). Conidia are non-motile spores produced singly or in chains by constriction at the tip or lateral side of special hyphal branches, called conidiophores.

They are produced exogenously, dispersed by wind and germinate directly by giving out germ tubes. Bud is a small rounded outgrowth on an asexually reproducing organism, such as a yeast or Hydra, which is capable of developing into a new individual. Gemmule is a tough-coated dormant cluster of embryonic cells produced by a freshwater sponge for development in more favourable conditions.

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Q16. A clone is a group of individuals obtained through

1. hybridization
2. self-pollination
3. asexual reproduction
4. cross-pollination

Answer: (c)

Asexual reproduction is a process in which the new organisms are produced without the formation and fusion of gametes. In this case, all the genes and genetic contents are received by the offspring from one parent through mitotic cell division.

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Q17. Why is vivipary an undesirable character for annual crop plants?

1. It reduces the vigour of the plant.
2. The seeds exhibit long dormancy.
3. It adversely affects the fertility of the plant.
4. The seeds cannot be stored under normal conditions for the next season

Answer: (d)

An annual plant is one that completes its life cycle in a single season, i.e., a seed germinates and the mature plant so produced dies, having produced seeds, within the season. Vivipary on the other hand is the phenomenon of germination of seed or spore in situ on mature plant even before it release. It is not possible for annual plants because in these plants, the mature plant cannot store seeds as it dies after producing seeds.

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Q18. A scion is grafted to a stock. The quality of fruits produced will be determined by the genotype of

1. scion
2. stock
3. Both (a) and (b)
4. Neither (a) nor (b)

Answer: (a)

In grafting technique, parts of two plants are joined to form a composite plant. One part represents the strong root system called stock and the other part having better flower or fruit yield on shoot is called the scion. Hence, the fruit produced in such plants would have the genotype of the scion.

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Q19. Choose the correct statement from amongst the following:

1. Dioecious organisms are seen only in plants.
2. Dioecious (hermaphrodite) organisms are seen only in animals.
3. Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants and animals.
4. Dioecious organisms are seen only in vertebrates.

Answer: (c)

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Q20. Assertion: Sexual reproduction is a simple and fast process.

Reason: Asexual reproduction is a complex and slow process.

1. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
4. If both the assertion and reason are false.

Answer: (d)

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Q21. Which of the following are seasonal breeders?

1. Birds
2. Frogs
3. Lizards
4. All of these

Answer: (d)

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Q22. Which is the incorrect statement about water hyacinth?

1. It is world's most problematic terrestrial weed.
2. Introduced in India for their lovely flowers and shape of leaves.
3. It reproduce asexually through offsets
4. Its botanical name is Eicchornia crassipes.

Answer: (a)

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Q23. Assertion (A): Offspring formed by asexual reproduction are called clones.

Reason (R): Clones are morphologically similar.

1. If both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
2. If both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
3. If A is true, but R is false
4. If A is false, but R is true

Answer: (a)

Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. Asexual reproduction involves the participation of a single parent to produce an offspring. As a result, the offspring produced are morphologically and genetically similar to one another and also to their parents and can be referred to as clone.

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Q24. Find the incorrect statement.

1. Offspring produced by external fertilization are extremely vulnerable to predators.
2. Large number of gametes are released in surrounding water in external fertilization.
3. External fertilization is shown by bony fishes and frogs.
4. In seed plant, the motile male gametes are carried to female gamete by pollen tubes.

Answer: (d)

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Q25. Identify the events (A, B, D and E) of sexual reproduction given below. Choose the correct option.

1. A– Gametogeneis, B– Gamete transfer, D– Zygote formation, E– Embryogenesis
2. A– Gamete transfer, B– Gametogeneis, D– Zygote formation, E– Embryogenesis
3. A– Gametogeneis, B– Zygote formation, D– Gamete transfer, E– Embryogenesis
4. A– Gametogeneis, B– Gamete transfer, D– Embryogenesis, E– Zygote formation

Answer: (a)

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