NEET Biology Respiration In Plants Based Practice Questions & Answers with Viewers Discussion and Detailed Explanation

Answer: (d)

Oxidative phosphorylation is the synthesis of energy rich ATP molecules with the help of energy liberated during oxidation of reduced co-enzymes (NADH, $$FADH^2$ ) produced in respiration.

The enzyme required for this synthesis is called ATP synthase. It is located in $F_1$ or headpiece of $F_0-F_1$ or elementary particles present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. $F_1$ particle is capable of ATP synthesis. ATP synthase becomes active in ATP formation only when there is a proton gradient having higher concentration of $H^{+}$ or protons on the $F_0$ side as compared to $F_1$ side.

This higher concentration creates an electric potential across the mitochondrial membrane. The proton gradient and membrane electric potential together form proton motive force (PMF). The flow of protons through the $F_0$ channel which induces $F_1$ particle to function as ATP synthase. The energy of the proton gradient is used in attaching a phosphate radicle to ADP by high-energy bond. This produces ATP.