FREE NEET Biology Practice MCQ Test: Molecular Basis Of Inheritance Exercise 1 Questions Answers With Detailed Explanations [PDF]

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Molecular Basis Of Inheritance Topic Based

Question : 1

Out of 64 codons, 61 codons code for 20 types of amino acid. It is called

Answer: (b)

Question : 2

Loss of an X-chromosome in a particular cell, during its development, results into

Answer: (c)

Question : 3

A polymer or a polynucleotide chain has at one end a free ........A....... at 5′ end of sugar, similarly at the other end of the polymer the sugar has a free .....B..... of 3′ group.

Answer: (b)

Question : 4

Which one of the following is the starter codon? [NEET - I, 2016]

Answer: (b)

Question : 5

The primary reason DNA was first thought to be a poor candidate for the hereditary material was that

Answer: (c)

Since the building blocks of DNA were thought to be structurally simple and few number, biologists prior to the 1940s thought that only proteins could have the necessary complexity and diversity to be the hereditary material.

Question : 6

Satellite DNA is important because it :

Answer: (c)

Question : 7

Taylor conducted the experiments to prove semi- conservative mode of chromosome replication on

Answer: (a)

Taylor et al (1957) conducted experiment on Vicia faba (broad bean) to prove semi-conservative replication of DNA. He fed dividing cells of root tips of Vicia faba with radioactive $^3H$ containing thymine instead of normal thymine and found that all the chromosomes became radioactive. Labelled thymine was then replaced with normal one. Next generation came to have radioactivity in one of the two chromatids of each chromosome while in subsequent generation radioactivity was present in 50% of the chromosomes. This is possible only if out of the two strands of a chromosome, one is formed a fresh while the other is conserved at each replication.

Question : 8

Few steps involved in polypeptide synthesis are given below. In which of the following steps does tRNA participates?

  1. Activation of amino acids by binding with aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzyme.
  2. Elongation of polypeptide chain.
  3. Translation of mRNA to form a polypeptide.
  4. Transcription of DNA into RNA.

Answer: (d)

Steps in statements I, II and III are related with tRNA as these are steps of polypeptide synthesis, i.e. translation. Steps in statement IV is not related with tRNA. This is because transcription involves copying of genetic information from the template DNA strand to RNA. tRNA does not participates inthis process.

Question : 9

Who developed the technique of synthesising RNA molecules with well-defined combination of bases (homopolymers and copolymers) to develop genetic code?

Answer: (a)

Question : 10

Double helix model of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick has how many base pairs in one turn?

Answer: (d)

Question : 11

Match Column-I with Column-II.

Column I Column II
A. Operator site1. Binding site for RNA polymerase
B. Promoter site 2. Binding site for repressor molecule
C. Structural gene 3. Codes for enzyme protein
D. Regulator gene4. Codes for repressor molecules

Answer: (b)

Question : 12

The picture is taken using ________ microscope.

molecular-basis-of-inheritance-neet-mcq-8-28-150-151

Answer: (a)

Question : 13

A polycistronic structural gene is regulated by a common promoter and regulator gene in bacteria and is commonly termed as

Answer: (a)

Question : 14

Genes are packaged into a bacterial chromosome by

Answer: (d)

In bacteria, DNA is highly charged molecule. The adjacent bases are linked by phosphate groups, each with an ionized hydroxyl group. It results in negative charges which are therefore balanced by an equivalent number of cationic groups. These charges are balanced by histones which are basic proteins in case of eukaryotes. Histones are absent in bacterial cells. In bacteria the charges are neutralised by polyamines such as spermine and spermidine and by $Mg^{2+}$ ions.

Question : 15

Hershey and Chase used $^{35}S$ and $^{32}P$ to prove that DNA is the genetic material. Their experiments proved that DNA is genetic material because

Answer: (d)

Question : 16

Assertion:
RNA was the first genetic material.
Reason:
Essential life processes (such as metabolism, translation, splicing, etc.) evolve around RNA.

Answer: (b)

Question : 17

Gene library or DNA library has the collection of

Answer: (c)

Gene or DNA library is a collection cloned or copied DNA (cDNA) of cells or tissues, organs of an organism in a preserved form for future use.

Question : 18

What does the figure represent?

molecular-basis-of-inheritance-neet-mcq-8-28-9-11

Answer: (c)

Question : 19

Which one of the following does not follow the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer: (d)

Question : 20

Bacteriophage protein coat was labelled by growing E. coli on

Answer: (b)

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