FREE NEET Biology Practice MCQ Test: Excretory Products And Their Elimination Exercise 4 Questions Answers With Detailed Explanations [PDF]

Answer: (c)

Hilus leads to funnel shaped cavity called renal pelvis with projections called calyces.

Answer: (d)

Whale is ureotelic.

Answer: (c)

Answer: (d)

Answer: (a)

Answer: (c)

Salamander (Amphibia; Caudata) excrete urea by help of kidneys.

Answer: (d)

Birds and reptiles are uricotelic as they excrete nitrogenous waste, uric acid in the form of pellet or paste with minimal loss of water.

Answer: (c)

Answer: (c)

Hepatic Vein, because the liver produces urea and other waste materials and then it pours it all in the right ventricle of the heart for oxygenation. The heart distributes the blood to various parts of the body from here. So the impure blood brought by the Hepatic Vein and other blood vessels get distributed through the aorta. This will automatically imply that the Renal Artery will contain lesser impure blood than the Hepatic Vein.

Answer: (a)

The collecting duct system contains of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It takes part in the maintenance of electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion. These processes are regulated by aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone. Therefore it refers as the part of the excretory system that contains fluids as urine.

Answer: (d)

Answer: (a)

Answer: (a)

Answer: (d)

Counter current mechanism in Henle's loop and vasa recta helps to maintain concentration gradient in the medullary interstitum. Presence of such interstitial gradient helps an easy passage of water from the collecting tubule thereby concentrating the urine.

PCT helps in maintaining pH and ionic balance of the body fluid by the secretion of $H^{+}$, ammonia and potassium ions and reabsorbing 70-80% of electrolytes and water.

Collecting duct helps in reabsorption of water to produce concentrated urine and in maintaining osmolarity. It also plays a vital role in maintaining pH and ionic balance in blood by secreting $H^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ ions.

DCT reabsorbs $Na^{+}$ and water along with $HCO_{3}^{–}$, maintaining pH and sodium-potassium/ionic balance in blood by selectively secreting hydrogen and potassium ions.

Answer: (b)

A large portion of oxygen is left unused in the human blood even after its uptake by the body tissues. This $O_{2}$ acts as a reserve during muscular exercise.

Answer: (b)

Answer: (a)

Answer: (d)

Kidney's main function is to maintain water balance in blood plasma by reabsorbing water. If the excess amount of water will move out of tissue without being restored in kidneys, cell will shrivel due to dehydration and ultimately die.

Answer: (c)

Nephron is the excretory unit of human excretory system. Each nephron has a Bowman's Capsule, a Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle (Descending and ascending limbs) and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) which then enter into collecting duct.

Answer: (b)

Glomerular podocytes are highly specialized cells with a complex cytoarchitecture plays a major role in establishing the selective permeability of glomerular filtration barrier.