FREE NEET Biology Practice MCQ Test: Evolution Exercise 3 Questions Answers With Detailed Explanations [PDF]

Answer: (c)

Answer: (a)

Biogeographical evolution is a process in which gene pool of a population gradually changes in response to environmental pressures, natural selection and genetic mutations.

Answer: (c)

Answer: (d)

Answer: (b)

Answer: (a)

In a stable population, for a gene with two alleles, 'A' (dominant) and 'a' (recessive), if the frequency of 'A' is p and the frequency of 'a' is q, then the frequencies of the three possible genotypes (AA, Aa and aa) can be expressed by the Hardy- Weinberg equation:

$p^2 + 2pq + q^2$ = 1

where $p^2$ = Frequency of AA (homozygous dominant) individuals

$q^2$ = Frequency of aa (homozygous recessive) individuals

2pq= Frequency of Aa (heterozygous) individuals

Answer: (d)

Scales on their hind limbs and eggs with calcareous shell, indicates in birds about their reptilian ancestry.

Answer: (d)

Answer: (b)

Wings of birds and hands of human have the same structure but different functions. Birds use their wings for flying while humans use their hands for grasping. Other options show examples of analogous organs. Analogous organs are those organs which have similar functions but different structural details.

Answer: (d)

In Australia, marsupials and placental mammals have evolved to share many similar characteristics. This type of evolution is referred to as convergent evolution. Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. For example, a number of marsupials, each different from the other evolved from an ancestral stock, but all within the Australian Island continent. Also, marsupials in Australia resemble placental mammals in the rest of the world, they evolved in isolation after Australia separated from other continents.

Answer: (c)

Answer: (d)

Answer: (d)

The given diagram explains the process of natural selection and adaptive radiation in the wild bird species diversity. Adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges and opens environmental niches. Darwin finches represent one of the best examples of this phenomenon.

Answer: (a)

The first geological time scale was developed by Giovanni Avduina, Italian scientist in 1760. The history of the earth has been divided into a number of major divisions called eras. The eras are subdivided into periods. The modern periods are further divided into epochs. There are four eras. The correct sequence is Precambrian Palaeozoic (era of ancient life) → Mesozoic (era of medieval life) → Coenozoic (era of modern life).

Answer: (c)

Answer: (c)

Answer: (a)

In the given diagrammatic representation of the evolutionary history of vertebrates through geological periods, the geological periods marked as A, B, C and D are respectively carboniferous, triassic, cretaceous and quaternary. A geologic period is a sub-division of geologic time enabling cross-referencing of rocks and geologic events from place to place.

Answer: (c)

Appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an example of pre-existing variation in the population. When a bacterial population encounters a particular antibiotic, those become sensitive and dies.

Answer: (b)

Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Among the primates, chimpanzee is the closest relative of the present day humans. This is because the banding pattern in the autosome number 3 and 6 of man and chimpanzee is remarkably similar.

Answer: (d)